Learning Disorders & Dyslexia Support in Ottawa

A learning disorder (also called a specific learning disorder) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how the brain processes information related to reading, writing, or mathematics. It is not a reflection of intelligence — individuals with learning disorders often have average or above-average cognitive ability but struggle with specific academic skills.

In clinical practice, these terms are often used interchangeably. ‘Specific learning disorder’ is the formal diagnostic term used in the DSM-5. ‘Learning disability’ is more commonly used in educational and legal contexts, particularly when accessing accommodations or funding. A psychoeducational assessment can clarify the diagnosis regardless of which terminology is used.

Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that primarily affects reading. It involves difficulties with accurate or fluent word recognition, poor spelling, and challenges with decoding. Dyslexia is neurological in origin and is not caused by a lack of effort or intelligence. With the right support, individuals with dyslexia can develop effective reading strategies and thrive academically.

Learning disorders are neurobiological in origin, meaning they relate to differences in brain structure and function. Genetics play a significant role — learning disorders often run in families. Environmental factors during early development can also contribute, but learning disorders are never caused by a lack of motivation, poor teaching, or inadequate parenting.

Learning disorders are diagnosed through a comprehensive psychoeducational assessment. This process typically includes standardized testing of cognitive ability, academic achievement, and information processing. The assessment identifies the specific nature and severity of the learning difficulty, rules out other contributing factors, and provides recommendations for support and accommodations.

Yes. Many adults were never formally assessed during childhood and have spent years developing workarounds for their difficulties. An adult assessment can provide clarity, validation, and access to workplace or post-secondary accommodations. It’s never too late to understand how you learn best.

Common accommodations include extended time on tests, access to assistive technology, modified assignment formats, preferential seating, and individualized education plans (IEPs). A formal psychoeducational assessment is typically required to access these supports through schools, universities, or professional licensing bodies.

Assessment fees vary based on the type and complexity of the evaluation. Many extended health benefit plans cover services provided by registered psychologists. We recommend checking with your insurance provider to confirm your coverage. We’re happy to provide documentation for insurance submissions.